Broadcast, sound, and video technicians held about 119,900 jobs in 2021. Employment in the detailed occupations that make up broadcast, sound, and video technicians was distributed as follows:
| Audio and video technicians | 68,600 |
| Broadcast technicians | 30,500 |
| Sound engineering technicians | 15,200 |
| Lighting technicians | 5,700 |
The largest employers of broadcast, sound, and video technicians were as follows:
| Radio and television broadcasting | 18% |
| Motion picture and sound recording industries | 14 |
| Self-employed workers | 13 |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 8 |
| Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries | 7 |
Broadcast, sound, and video technicians typically work indoors in radio, television, movie, or recording studios. However, they may work outdoors in all types of weather in order to broadcast news and other programming on location. Audio and video technicians also set up systems in offices, arenas, hotels, schools, hospitals, and homes.
Technicians doing maintenance may climb poles or antenna towers. Those setting up equipment may do heavy lifting.
Work Schedules
Technicians usually work full time. They may occasionally work overtime to meet broadcast deadlines or set up for live events. Evening, weekend, and holiday work is common because most radio and television stations are on the air 24 hours a day.
Technicians who work on motion pictures may be on a tight schedule and may work additional hours to meet contract deadlines with the movie studio.
Broadcast, sound, and video technicians typically need postsecondary education. Depending on the work they do, educational requirements may vary.
Education
Educational requirements for audio and video, lighting, and sound engineering technicians vary from a high school diploma to a college degree, depending on the position. Broadcast technicians typically need an associate’s degree.
Prospective broadcast, sound, and video technicians should complete high school classes in math, physics, and electronics. Employers may prefer to hire candidates who have skills related to audio and video equipment and related technologies.
Postsecondary programs for audio and video, lighting, and sound engineering technicians may take several months to years to complete. These programs, which may lead to either a nondegree award or a college degree, often provide hands-on experience with the equipment used in many entry-level positions.
Broadcast technicians typically need an associate’s degree. In addition to courses in math and science, coursework for prospective broadcast technicians should emphasize practical skills such as video editing and production management.
Although typically not required, a bachelor's degree in fine and performing arts or a related field, such as communications technology, may be helpful.
Training
Because technology is constantly improving, technicians often enroll in continuing education courses and receive on-the-job training to become skilled in new equipment and hardware. On-the-job training includes setting up cables or automation systems, testing electrical equipment, learning the codes and standards of the industry, and following safety procedures.
Newly hired workers may be trained in a variety of ways, depending on the types of products and services the employer provides. In addition, new workers’ level of education may also dictate how much training they need.
Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations
Although it is not required by most employers, voluntary certification may offer advantages in getting a job as a broadcast or sound engineering technician. Certification tells employers that the technician meets certain industry standards and has kept up to date with new technologies.
The Society of Broadcast Engineers offers operator level, engineering level, broadcast networking, and specialist certifications. Most of these certifications require passing an exam.
The Audiovisual and Integrated Experience Association offers the general Certified Technology Specialist (CTS) credential as well as the design CTS and installation CTS. All three credentials require passing an exam and are valid for 3 years.
Other Experience
Gaining practical experience in a high school or college audiovisual department also helps to prepare for work as an audio and video equipment technician.
Advancement
Although many broadcast, sound, and video technicians work first in small markets or at small stations in big markets, they often transfer to larger, better paying radio or television stations after gaining experience and skills. Few large stations hire someone without previous experience, and they value specialized skills.
Experienced workers with strong technical skills may become supervisory broadcast technicians or chief broadcast engineers. To become chief broadcast engineer at large television stations, technicians typically need a bachelor’s degree in engineering or computer science.
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians typically have an interest in the Building, Thinking and Organizing interest areas, according to the Holland Code framework. The Building interest area indicates a focus on working with tools and machines, and making or fixing practical things. The Thinking interest area indicates a focus on researching, investigating, and increasing the understanding of natural laws. The Organizing interest area indicates a focus on working with information and processes to keep things arranged in orderly systems.
If you are not sure whether you have a Building or Thinking or Organizing interest which might fit with a career as a broadcast and sound engineering technician, you can take a career test to measure your interests.
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians should also possess the following specific qualities:
Communication skills. Technicians need to communicate with supervisors and coworkers to ensure that clients’ needs are met and that equipment is set up properly before broadcasts, live performances, and presentations.
Computer skills. Technicians need computer skills since they use computer systems to program equipment and edit audio and video recordings.
Manual dexterity. Technicians set up audio and visual equipment and cables, which requires a steady hand and good hand-eye coordination. Others adjust small knobs, dials, and sliders during radio and television broadcasts and live performances.
Problem-solving skills. Technicians need to recognize equipment problems and propose possible solutions to them. Employers typically desire applicants with a variety of skills, who are able to set up equipment, maintain the equipment, and troubleshoot and solve any problems.
The median annual wage for broadcast, sound, and video technicians was $48,790 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $29,120, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $96,520.
Median annual wages for broadcast, sound, and video technicians in May 2021 were as follows:
| Sound engineering technicians | $60,500 |
| Lighting technicians | 51,470 |
| Audio and video technicians | 48,820 |
| Broadcast technicians | 44,740 |
In May 2021, the median annual wages for broadcast, sound, and video technicians in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
| Motion picture and sound recording industries | $60,490 |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 49,110 |
| Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries | 48,830 |
| Radio and television broadcasting | 37,640 |
Technicians working in major cities typically earn more than those working in smaller markets.
Technicians usually work full time. They may occasionally work overtime to meet broadcast deadlines or set up for live events. Evening, weekend, and holiday work is common because most radio and television stations are on the air 24 hours a day.
Technicians who work on motion pictures may be on a tight schedule and may work additional hours to meet contract deadlines with the movie studio.
Overall employment of broadcast, sound, and video technicians is projected to grow 10 percent from 2021 to 2031, faster than the average for all occupations.
About 13,200 openings for broadcast, sound, and video technicians are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
Employment
Projected employment of broadcast, sound, and video technicians varies by occupation (see table).
Companies are continuing to increase their audio and video budgets so they can use video conferencing to reduce travel costs and communicate worldwide with other offices and clients, especially as more people work in a remote or hybrid environment. In addition, an increase in the use of digital signs should lead to higher demand for audio and video technicians.
Lighting technicians will continue to be needed to work with lighting and associated equipment used in photography and film and other productions. However, because lighting technicians is a small occupation, the fast growth is expected to result in only about 800 new jobs over the projections decade.
The sound recording and motion picture industries will continue to need sound engineering technicians to improve the sound quality of shows and movies.
For more career information and links to employment resources, visit
National Association of Broadcasters
For more information about certification and links to employment information for broadcast technicians, visit
Society of Broadcast Engineers
For more information on certification and career information for audio and video technicians, visit
Audiovisual and Integrated Experience Association