Political scientists held about 6,300 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of political scientists were as follows:
| Federal government, excluding postal service | 57% |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 16 |
| Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations | 12 |
| Educational services; state, local, and private | 5 |
| Self-employed workers | 3 |
Work Schedules
Political scientists typically work full time in an office. They may work additional hours to finish reports and meet deadlines.
To enter the occupation, political scientists typically need at least a master’s degree in political science, public administration, or a related field.
Education
Political scientists typically need to complete either a master’s or Ph.D. program to enter the occupation. Applicants to a graduate program should have completed undergraduate courses in political science, writing, and statistics. They also may benefit from having related work or internship experience.
Political scientists often complete a master of public administration (MPA), master of public policy (MPP), or master of public affairs degree. These programs usually combine several disciplines, and students can choose to concentrate in a specific area of interest. Most offer core courses in research methods, policy formation, program evaluation, and statistics. Some colleges and universities also offer master’s degrees in political science, international relations, or other applied political science specialties.
Some political scientists also complete a Ph.D. program, which requires several years of coursework followed by independent research for a dissertation. Most Ph.D. candidates choose to specialize in one of four primary subfields of political science: national politics, comparative politics, international relations, or political theory.
Jobseekers with a bachelor’s degree in political science usually qualify for entry-level positions in a related occupation, such as assistants in research organizations, political campaigns, or nonprofit organizations. They may also qualify for some government positions. Others work outside of politics and policymaking, such as in business or law.
Other Experience
Entry-level jobseekers can benefit from internships or volunteer work through clubs and political organizations. These activities can give students a chance to apply their academic knowledge in a professional setting and to develop the analytic, research, and writing skills needed for the field.
Political scientists typically have an interest in the Thinking, Creating and Helping interest areas, according to the Holland Code framework. The Thinking interest area indicates a focus on researching, investigating, and increasing the understanding of natural laws. The Creating interest area indicates a focus on being original and imaginative, and working with artistic media. The Helping interest area indicates a focus on assisting, serving, counseling, or teaching other people.
If you are not sure whether you have a Thinking or Creating or Helping interest which might fit with a career as a political scientist, you can take a career test to measure your interests.
Political scientists should also possess the following specific qualities:
Analytical skills. Political scientists often use qualitative and quantitative research methods. They rely on their analytical skills when they collect, evaluate, and interpret data.
Critical-thinking skills. Political scientists must be able to examine and process available information and draw logical conclusions from their findings.
Intellectual curiosity. Political scientists must continually explore new ideas and information to produce original papers and research. They must stay current on political subjects and come up with new ways to think about and address issues.
Writing skills. Writing skills are essential for those who write papers on political issues. They must be able to convey their research results clearly.
The median annual wage for political scientists was $122,510 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $61,480, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $172,490.
In May 2021, the median annual wages for political scientists in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
| Federal government, excluding postal service | $134,760 |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 99,640 |
| Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations | 79,440 |
| Educational services; state, local, and private | 73,120 |
Political scientists typically work full time in an office. They may work additional hours to finish reports and meet deadlines.
Employment of political scientists is projected to grow 6 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.
About 600 openings for political scientists are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
Employment
Increased demand for public policy analysis will support employment growth for these workers. Political scientists will continue to be needed in government to assess the impact of public policy and proposals, such as service efficiencies, budget changes, and other improvements.
Political organizations, lobbying firms, and labor unions rely on political scientists’ knowledge to manage complex regulations. Political scientists will be needed at research and policy institutes to focus on politics and political theory. Organizations that research or advocate for specific causes, such as healthcare or the environment, need political scientists to analyze policies relating to their field.
For more information about political scientists and political science careers, visit
American Political Science Association
American Association of Political Consultants
For more information about college programs in public affairs and administration, visit
Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration